In Nantucket, there are no traffic lights.
When the rules are erased, Adam Smith is surprisingly relevant.
Traffic Signals
Nantucket
Having recently driven in Manhattan (NYC) and now on Nantucket (an island located 30 miles from the coast of Massachusetts), I’ve been pondering the difference a traffic light can make.
In NYC, the traffic lights are constant signals from government. Shaping my strategy, the traffic lights determine my speed as I cruise up 10th Avenue after leaving the Lincoln Tunnel. My goal is a green light at every intersection and no pedestrians to change my pace.
Driving in Nantucket where there are no traffic lights, drivers have different incentives. Constantly, you are making decisions about how to treat someone else. At an intersection with four stop signs, we follow the unwritten rules that determine who goes first. More often than not, if a walker or a biker needs to cross the street, cars stop, drivers smile, and street crossers wave thank you. When someone is making a left turn or leaving a parking lot on a busy street, cars pause to let them enter traffic.
Shared Space
It turns out that the Nantucket approach exists elsewhere. Called “shared space,” a no rules environment has informal regulation and perhaps no sidewalks. After traffic signals were eliminated in Drachten (the Netherlands), the accident rate plunged to one a year from more than eight. Others, elsewhere, who were introduced to the idea said they felt safer and drove more slowly. The street designers who brought shared space to the Netherlands and the U.K. say that it civilizes us by encouraging human interaction.
Do take a look to get a taste of my Nantucket experience:
As economists, shared space returns us to Adam Smith’s prescription for less government that we call laissez-faire.
Our Bottom Line: Laissez-Faire
Nantucket’s lack of lights started me thinking about Adam Smith. In his Wealth of Nations (1776), Adam Smith suggested that less government was better than more government. Smith believed that human nature was so diverse and policy consequences so unpredictable, that, although imperfect, less government could ultimately lead to more virtuous human behavior. For example, told their taxes will be increased to help the less fortunate, certain people express resentment. However, voluntarily giving an equal amount to charity, the same individuals experience pride and pleasure.
For traffic lights. I (and probably Smith) know we need them in NYC. However, their absence in Nantucket encourages what I would call more virtuous behavior. It requires thinking about others rather than what government wants us to do. It takes each of us to a moral self-image that we can choose not to violate.
In Nantucket, we need the virtuous drivers. Similarly, in a market, we need individuals who display integrity and honesty and observe the norms. We need the competition that can control undesirable behavior and create some equity. So yes, I prefer less government but when none of that works, we do need more regulated markets.
My sources and more: Today’s post is based on (and quotes) the econlife thoughts I’ve expressed about Nantucket during past summers. For more on Adam Smith, I also recommend the first section of my Econ 101 1/2 that I’ve revised as The Foundation and is available on our homepage and at Amazon. And finally, on “shared space,” there is more at CNN and StreetsBlog USA and 99% Invisible (with its discussion of the visually impaired).
